Trehalose

Trehalose (from Turkish tıgala – a sugar derived from insect cocoons + -ose) is a sugar consisting of two molecules of glucose. It is also known as mycose or tremalose. Some bacteria, fungi, plants and invertebrate animals synthesize it as a source of energy, and to survive freezing and lack of water.

Trehalose

Names
IUPAC name α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→1)-α-D-glucopyranoside
Systematic IUPAC name (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4, 5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol
Other names α,α‐Trehalose
Identifiers
CAS Number	99-20-7 (anhydrous) Y 6138-23-4 (dihydrate) N
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:16551 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1236395 N
ChemSpider	7149 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.002.490
PubChem CID	7427
UNII	B8WCK70T7I Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID3048102
InChI InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(15)7(17)9(19)11(21-3)23-12-10(20)8(18)6(16)4(2-14)22-12/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6-,7+,8+,9-,10-,11-,12-/m1/s1 Y Key: HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N Y InChI=1/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(15)7(17)9(19)11(21-3)23-12-10(20)8(18)6(16)4(2-14)22-12/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6-,7+,8+,9-,10-,11-,12-/m1/s1 Key: HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHBN
SMILES OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O2)CO
Properties
Chemical formula	C12H22O11 (anhydride)
Molar mass	342.296 g/mol (anhydrous) 378.33 g/mol (dihydrate)
Appearance	White orthorhombic crystals
Density	1.58 g/cm3 at 24 °C
Melting point	203 °C (397 °F; 476 K) (anhydrous) 97 °C (dihydrate)
Solubility in water	68.9 g per 100 g at 20 °C
Solubility	Slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in diethyl ether and benzene
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

Extracting trehalose was once a difficult and costly process, but around 2000, the Hayashibara company (Okayama, Japan) discovered an inexpensive extraction technology from starch. Trehalose has high water retention capabilities, and is used in food, cosmetics and as a drug. A procedure developed in 2017 using trehalose allows sperm storage at room temperatures.