Thiamin mononitrate
Thiamin mononitrate is a widely used ingredient in cosmetics, personal care, and skincare formulations. Depending on its function, it may serve as a moisturizer, preservative, emulsifier, or active ingredient to enhance the overall effectiveness and performance of a product.
Thiamine, also known as thiamin and vitamin B1, is a vitamin – an essential micronutrient for humans and animals. It is found in food and commercially synthesized to be a dietary supplement or medication. Phosphorylated forms of thiamine are required for some metabolic reactions, including the breakdown of glucose and amino acids.
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| Pronunciation | /ˈθaɪ.əmɪn/ THY-ə-min |
| Other names | Vitamin B1, aneurine, thiamin |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
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| Routes of administration | By mouth, intravenous, intramuscular |
| Drug class | Vitamin |
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| Bioavailability | 3.7% to 5.3% (Thiamine hydrochloride) |
| Elimination half-life | 1–12 h |
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| Formula | C12H17N4OS+ |
| Molar mass | 265.36 g·mol−1 |
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Food sources of thiamine include whole grains, legumes, and some meats and fish. Grain processing removes much of the vitamin content, so in many countries cereals and flours are enriched with thiamine. Supplements and medications are available to treat and prevent thiamine deficiency and the disorders that result from it such as beriberi and Wernicke encephalopathy. They are also used to treat maple syrup urine disease and Leigh syndrome. Supplements and medications are typically taken by mouth, but may also be given by intravenous or intramuscular injection.
Thiamine supplements are generally well tolerated. Allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, may occur when repeated doses are given by injection. Thiamine is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication, and in some countries as a non-prescription dietary supplement. In 2022, it was the 288th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 500,000 prescriptions.
