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Silica

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Silica is a widely used ingredient in cosmetics, personal care, and skincare formulations. Depending on its function, it may serve as a moisturizer, preservative, emulsifier, or active ingredient to enhance the overall effectiveness and performance of a product.

Silica (Wikipedia)
"Silica" redirects here. For other uses, see Silica (disambiguation).

Silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula SiO2, commonly found in nature as quartz. In many parts of the world, silica is the major constituent of sand. Silica is one of the most complex and abundant families of materials, existing as a compound of several minerals and as a synthetic product. Examples include fused quartz, fumed silica, opal, and aerogels. It is used in structural materials, microelectronics, and as components in the food and pharmaceutical industries. All forms are white or colorless, although impure samples can be colored.

Silicon dioxide
A sample of silicon dioxide
Names
IUPAC name
Silicon dioxide
Other names
  • Quartz
  • Silica
  • Silicic oxide
  • Silicon(IV) oxide
  • Crystalline silica
  • Pure Silica
  • Silicea
  • Silica sand
Identifiers
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.028.678 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 231-545-4
E number E551 (acidity regulators, ...)
200274
KEGG
MeSH Silicon+dioxide
RTECS number
  • VV7565000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/O2Si/c1-3-2 checkY
    Key: VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
Properties
SiO2
Molar mass 60.08 g/mol
Appearance Transparent or white
Density 2.648 (α-quartz), 2.196 (amorphous) g·cm−3
Melting point 1,713 °C (3,115 °F; 1,986 K) (amorphous)
Boiling point 2,950 °C (5,340 °F; 3,220 K)
−29.6·10−6 cm3/mol
Thermal conductivity 12 (|| c-axis), 6.8 (⊥ c-axis), 1.4 (am.) W/(m⋅K)
1.544 (o), 1.553 (e)
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 0: Exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible material. E.g. sodium chlorideFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
0
0
0
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 20 mppcf (80 mg/m3/%SiO2) (amorphous)
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 6 mg/m3 (amorphous)
Ca TWA 0.05 mg/m3
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 3000 mg/m3 (amorphous)
Ca [25 mg/m3 (cristobalite, tridymite); 50 mg/m3 (quartz)]
Related compounds
Related diones
 Carbon dioxide
Germanium dioxide
Tin dioxide
Lead dioxide
Related compounds
 Silicon monoxide
Silicon disulfide
Thermochemistry
42 J·mol−1·K−1
−911 kJ·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Silicon dioxide is a common fundamental constituent of glass.

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