Alpha tocopherol

α-Tocopherol (alpha-tocopherol) is a type of vitamin E. Its E number is "E307". Vitamin E exists in eight different forms, four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. All feature a chromane ring, with a hydroxyl group that can donate a hydrogen atom to reduce free radicals and a hydrophobic side chain, along with an aromatic ring is situated near the carbonyls in the fatty acyl chains of the phospholipid bilayer, allows for penetration into biological membranes. It is found most in the membrane's non-raft domains, associated with omega-3 and 6 fatty acids, to partially prevent oxidation. The most prevalent form, α-tocopherol, is involved in molecular, cellular, biochemical processes closely related to overall lipoprotein and lipid homeostasis. Compared to the others, α-tocopherol is preferentially absorbed and accumulated in humans.

α-Tocopherol

Names
Preferred IUPAC name (2R)-2,5,7,8-Tetramethyl-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol
Identifiers
CAS Number	59-02-9 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:18145 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL47 Y
ChemSpider	14265 Y
DrugBank	DB00163 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.375
EC Number	200-412-2
E number	E307a (antioxidants, ...)
PubChem CID	14985
UNII	N9PR3490H9 Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID0026339
InChI InChI=1S/C29H50O2/c1-20(2)12-9-13-21(3)14-10-15-22(4)16-11-18-29(8)19-17-26-25(7)27(30)23(5)24(6)28(26)31-29/h20-22,30H,9-19H2,1-8H3/t21-,22-,29-/m1/s1 Y Key: GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N Y InChI=1/C29H50O2/c1-20(2)12-9-13-21(3)14-10-15-22(4)16-11-18-29(8)19-17-26-25(7)27(30)23(5)24(6)28(26)31-29/h20-22,30H,9-19H2,1-8H3/t21-,22-,29-/m1/s1 Key: GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPEBS
SMILES Cc1c(O)c(C)c(CC[C@](CCC[C@@H](CCC[C@@H](CCCC(C)C)C)C)(C)O2)c2c1C
Properties
Chemical formula	C29H50O2
Molar mass	430.71 g/mol
Appearance	yellow-brown viscous liquid
Density	0.950 g/cm3
Melting point	2.5 to 3.5 °C (36.5 to 38.3 °F; 275.6 to 276.6 K)
Boiling point	200 to 220 °C (392 to 428 °F; 473 to 493 K) at 0.1 mmHg
Solubility in water	insoluble
Solubility	soluble in alcohol, ether, acetone, oils
Pharmacology
ATC code	A11HA03 (WHO)
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 1 0
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

Vitamin E is found in a variety of tissues, being lipid-soluble, and taken up by the body in a wide variety of ways. Ongoing research is believed to be "critical for manipulation of vitamin E homeostasis in a variety of oxidative stress-related disease conditions in humans." One of these disease conditions is the α-tocopherol role in the use by malaria parasites to protect themselves from the highly oxidative environment in erythrocytes. A second of these disease conditions is the α-tocopherol antioxidant properties' role cardiovascular heart disease. In preventing LDL (low-density lipoprotein) oxidation, it is able to decrease chances of atherosclerosis and arterial build-up.